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- January 23, 1984MEDICINEAmazing Births
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- Babies from "donor eggs"
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- When the 25-year-old woman saw her healthy newborn son, she
- wept tears of joy and relief. A typical reaction, one might
- say. But the circumstances were extraordinary. Five years ago
- the mother had been diagnosed as prematurely menopausal: her
- ovaries had ceased to release eggs or to produce the hormones
- needed to sustain a pregnancy. The child she had carried for
- nine months was the genetic offspring of another woman, who had
- donated an unfertilized egg. The birth of the world's first
- "donor-egg baby" in November, which was announced last week by
- scientists in Australia, marks a new step in overcoming
- infertility. Declared Gynecologist Wayne Decker, executive
- director of the Fertility Research Foundation of New York: "It
- is a remarkable and astounding feat that offers hope to all
- women who suffer from ovarian failure or who have had their
- ovaries removed."
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- The successful pregnancy, reported in the British journal Nature
- by a team of researchers led by Dr. Carl Wood at Melbourne's
- Monash University, owes much to the experience of cattle and
- sheep breeders. They have long transferred embryos from prize
- animals to poorer stock in efforts to upgrade their herds. The
- human egg in the Australian experiment came from a 29-year-old
- woman who was trying to conceive. Although her ovaries were
- healthy, the fallopian tubes connecting the ovaries with the
- uterus were blocked.
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- Doctors were trying to help her become pregnant by using a
- fertilization method introduced in 1978. The so-called
- test-tube- baby technique bypasses the sealed passages by mating
- the wife's egg with the husband's sperm in a glass Petri dish.
- The resulting embryo is implanted in the woman's womb.
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- The Australian team retrieved four eggs from the second woman's
- ovaries for the test-tube fertilization; with her permission,
- they collected one more to be used in an impregnation attempt
- in another infertile woman. The prematurely menopausal woman
- was an ideal recipient. For 2 1/2 months she had been primed
- for a possible pregnancy with daily doses of the hormones
- estrogen and progesterone. She matched the donor in eye and hair
- color, body build, social class and education level.
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- The donor's egg was fertilized in a Petri dish using sperm
- obtained from the recipient's husband. Thirty hours later, when
- the egg had cleaved into two cells, it was inserted into the
- uterus of the menopausal woman. Her body adjusted so naturally
- to the pregnancy that she has even been able to breast-feed her
- son. One sad note amid all the celebration: the woman who
- donated the egg failed to become pregnant. She still does not
- know that in one sense, at least, she has become a mother.
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- The Australian experiment is expected to be followed by a birth
- in California this month that involves another kind of egg
- transfer between two women. The difference is that the
- California baby was conceived not in a Petri dish but in the
- body of the woman donating the egg. In the method used by Dr.
- John Buster and his team at Harbor/U.C.L.A. Medical Center in
- Torrance, a woman with healthy ovaries was artificially
- inseminated with sperm from the husband of an infertile woman.
- Five days after fertilization, the donor's uterus was flushed
- with a nutrient solution and the embryo was recovered and
- implanted in the infertile woman's uterus.
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- Dr. Georgeanna Seegar Jones, vice president of the first
- test-tube- baby clinic in the U.S., at Eastern Virginia Medical
- School in Norfolk, thinks the technique has a major drawback:
- "Asking a woman to have a pregnancy, even an extremely brief
- one, is very different from asking a woman to donate an egg."
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- Scientists see immense possibilities for the donor-egg
- techniques. Says Australia's Dr. Wood: "It is now theoretically
- possible to override menopause, thus extending the childbearing
- years of women who marry late in life, remarry or defer having
- children until middle age."
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